Modification, necessary for Examination

On the day of CAST (College Scholastic Ability Test), there is always news aired about the number of students who suicide during and after the exam. So many students lose their hope and lives ought to their scores that are not high enough to gratify themselves. What causes this tragic incident? Education is prioritized to succeed in South Korea. Even though real school is not the place teaching students how to acquire better grades, the primary aim of Korean schools is to equip students with knowledge to actualize their dreams, not to grow mature human beings. Schools conduct tests to rank students in the order of merit, under the guise of fostering students’ academic motives and check their progress. However, success should not be measured only by the scores from multiple-choices or fill-in-the-blank questions. Due to the prevalent credentialism, the real purpose of education and testing has been faded away and distorted. The main negative aspect of testing is that it d eters students from accumulating long-term knowledge or being creative. The only reason high school students learn and cram for exam is to ace the test to get accepted by prestige universities. Therefore, as soon as students step out of the classroom after test, they dump all the information as it is not useful any more. Also, there is no incentive for students to think in different and broad perspective. All Korean students do is memorizing all the information mechanically and learning to do better rough-guessing when they do not come up with clear answers. There is no room for scrutinizing the world around oneself or deeming the reason for existence and one’s ego and relationship, which is much more important to individuals who will be the future human resources. What a waste of time and energy to stick in the counterproductive education system! Moreover, testing widens the gap between the haves and the have-nots in the end. Current testing method hinders under-average s tudents from actively participating in the class, leading them to left behind. This will eventually cause the vicious cycle of poverty. However, testing is not a reliable measure of intelligence. How well someone can memorize notes is not an indicator of cleverness. Intelligence has more to do with comprehending and analyzing materials, accompanying curiosity that lets students want to learn more and possessing ability to think critically. This implies that examination interferes with students’ potentiality by stigmatizing students as idiots without rationale. Due to such a system, competition is getting fiercer as time passes by and people without self-esteem are increasing in astronomical rate, ensuing to the increased the number of unsatisfactory people and their suicide rate. In my opinion, there should be a renovation of either the social atmosphere about academic ability and diploma or examination system. Students should be treated as a human being with warm-heart and emotion, not as a studying machine. I think Dead Poets Society shows the ideal atmosphere of real classroom and studying method, debating and expressing their own opinion. Also, test should measure the capability of critical thinking and creative ideas, not the memorizing skills. For example, CSAT appraises twelve years efforts at once. It is not only impartial but inefficient. On the other hand, in France, every single test includes oral interview to express their own opinion about the subject. Through articulating their points, they can have in-depth knowledge, as they are abetted to research and brood on it. Another example is my school, Suwon Academy of World Languages, which implemented several short essays tests in the mid-terms and finals. Also, there are some classes do not have written exams. These classes are graded by the performance tests which assess the participation during the whole semester. Conducting those systems allows students to lessen stress as they have m ore than one opportunity to make up the mistakes or figure out the potential. Also, what students learn in the classes can be applied to their day-to-day lives. This is due to the fact that by writing out their knowledge or speaking out their opinion, students are able to learn to express themselves, which is a crucial skill in the modern society that prioritize the PR skills.

Why Do You Choose One and Not the Other?

<h1>Why Do You Choose One and Not the Other?</h1><p>The distinction between the Chinese and English paper tests can be clarified in two different ways. To begin with, Chinese expositions are normally longer than English articles, since it includes a great deal of study regarding the matters and the composing style of English is generally straightforward. Furthermore, the English example is progressively charming to compose in light of the fact that it depends on the genuine circumstance where individuals truly are acting like ordinary people and have their own good values.</p><p></p><p>In the instance of composing the English articles, you can pick between essential exposition models which do exclude any extra or exceptional considerations. A few instances of English expositions are given below:</p><p></p><p>Starting from the ongoing past year, an advancement is going on for instance the circumstance in Tibet. In this sort of a model, individuals are not, at this point ready to convey effectively because of the administration crackdown thus they needed to fall back on composing letters and in any event, making calls. Because of the money related emergency, most Tibetans are presently attempting to move to China so as to look for help from the individuals there.</p><p></p><p>For the individuals who have not ever been in China, they may think that its somewhat difficult to deal with things with the basic policy driven issues that they will in general discussion about in regular day to day existence. Additionally, after you gain proficiency with some new words and see how the way of life functions, you will find that the discussion is a lot of regular and the trouble levels will go down a lot.</p><p></p><p>If you need to expound on yourself, you should initially compose a rundown of your opinion of the life and vocation of you. At that point, you can c hange the subjects to the things that are energizing to you, for instance work or the family. You can likewise discuss your desires and dreams as well.</p><p></p><p>Those who are composing to offer their input will clearly appreciate the composing experience on the off chance that they approach great article tests. These days, composing a paper is not, at this point a straightforward errand that should be possible by an understudy or an educator who was exhausted and didn't have any thoughts. Today, it is conceivable to do the composition from home with the utilization of the PC and with the assistance of a guide book.</p><p></p><p>The composing has changed, however it despite everything has a smart thought most definitely. All things being equal, it is as yet an incredible method to communicate with no struggle.</p>

Essay Writing Directions - How to Structure an Essay

Exposition Writing Directions - How to Structure an EssayThe question of how to structure a paper composing headings is something that I'm certain you've heard previously. I believe it's something that many individuals appear to disregard. I additionally believe it's something that many individuals make a terrible display of doing. In this article I will discuss the best approach to structure an essay.Now, here is the initial segment of what I will discuss and this is the place we're going to cover how to sort out your recent developments. More often than not individuals put the entirety of their recent developments together in one major class. Presently, this can be fine yet it is incredibly terrible on the off chance that you are having a type of recent developments class where you don't have a clue what your closure will be.If you do that then you may make some troublesome memories thinking of certain approaches to get past a portion of the things that you need to compose. This is a quite fundamental tip for every one of you who are experiencing difficulty with your recent developments composing directions.Now, so as to get some excellent thoughts on the most proficient method to structure your recent developments, you're going to need to investigate others' work that you have not taken a gander at yourself. This will be the best spot to begin for great thoughts on the best way to arrange your current events.Another decent thought will be to take a gander at a portion of the bearings that you have seen on the web. These will be the best instances of good recent developments composing bearings that you can discover. What's more, so as to utilize these headings as rules for how to structure your recent developments, you're going to need to ensure that you're following the bearings exactly.One last thing that you need to remember is that there are a few unique ways that you are going to need to do your exposition. There are two distinct ways that you can do it. Presently, in case you're simply doing a school exposition, you're going to need to work out your paper as you would any typical school essay.If you're doing an expert article, at that point you're going to need to utilize an extra title. For those of you who are chipping away at your alumni proposition, at that point you're going to need to utilize your fundamental subject.

Is Media Outlets Slanting the Drug Debate

Is Media Outlets Slanting the Drug Debate?Now that our President is, indeed, a 'Big Tipper', the students at the upcoming Drug Education Video game released will be forced to debate the morality of drugs in this year's 'Flight Movie' game. But, just because the questions and controversy have reached a boiling point does not mean that we as educators should retreat in our anti-drug battle.Drugs have been with us since the beginning of time, well before recorded history. We use drugs in all different forms: for relaxation, to get through hard times, to forget about the pain of everyday life and to forget the uncertainties of what lies ahead. The goal of these drugs is to help the user to cope with the daily mundane struggle. All too often though, drugs can destroy lives as opposed to helping them.As if this were not enough, drugs are now being abused by all types of media outlets and politicians are using this epidemic to increase their voter base. When an organization like this promot es a film about an addict battling a drug problem, it is all too easy to believe that this would be a good vehicle for a story and instead it is an opportunity to raise more issues and challenges in society. This means that the Flight Movie project, and in turn, students studying the issue, needs to take a different approach and maybe we need to question the ethics of the teacher.While it is tempting to just ask the students to go on and teach students about the issues surrounding drug addiction and substance abuse, we must remember that our responsibility as educators is to provide the best possible learning experience. If this means that we might have to cross the line into political activism then so be it. We have to educate our students on both sides of the drug debate.While these two subjects may seem to be a little off the beaten path, we cannot just keep away from them like some media outlets do. We need to make this an ever-present part of our 'flight movie' so that our stud ents are able to see these questions and controversies on a daily basis.It is critical that students ask the big questions that are under the microscope. If they think they are going to be praised for their stance when they are asked the big questions, they are very wrong.Instead, we must prove that we can be professional educators without asking the big questions. We must show that when students ask tough questions that we need to be there to provide answers or support.Unfortunately, many media outlets are afraid to discuss the many facets of the drug and alcohol problem in the United States. By doing so, we can provide better educational opportunities for our students and bring this important topic up front.

Writing Exams - Best Exit Exam Essay Topics

<h1>Writing Exams - Best Exit Exam Essay Topics</h1><p>Exit test exposition points can be hard to think of, however actually they are not too troublesome. It is generally simply an issue of making sense of which themes you would be keen on taking on. In the event that you utilize the data beneath, you ought to have the option to locate some extraordinary themes for your essay.</p><p></p><p>You may have consistently needed to recollect the remembrance of realities and legitimate information, yet once you become an educator or guide, at that point you need to fire concocting better approaches to enable understudies to learn. Most understudies don't focus during addresses, which implies that the teacher has no chance to get of speaking with them. By utilizing cheat sheets and riddles, you can keep the teacher's consideration centered around the student and giving them the assist they with expecting to learn.</p><p></p><p> Start making exit test articles in the mid year before the principal semester starts. Make certain to take notes about the principal half of your first semester class with the goal that you can chip away at your article the subsequent semester. This isn't the point at which you ought to lounge around sitting idle! It is imperative that you concoct extraordinary points for your test essay.</p><p></p><p>For this one, it is a smart thought to record it, yet to think about a theme that you are keen on and that you might want understudies to peruse. Something identified with your primary theme would be a good thought. Additionally, attempt to recollect your preferred theme that you have shrouded in your science class.</p><p></p><p>Writing exit test expositions is testing, however that doesn't imply that you can't expound on it. Expound on what intrigues you. There is a sure vitality and excitement that you need to pass on to your understudi es, and composing exit tests may assist you with accomplishing this. Your words ought to be enlightening and fascinating, and the objective ought to be to give an asset that understudies will use.</p><p></p><p>If you have an enthusiasm for distributing or selling items, at that point composing exit test articles is an extraordinary thought. This can permit you to sell your items on the web, or to try and compose and sell articles for others. Make certain to take a few notes about the primary portion of your first semester class with the goal that you can compose an extraordinary test exposition about this subject in the second semester.</p><p></p><p>Writing exit test articles is an incredible method to show your understudies that you truly care about their prosperity. The emphasis ought to be on fun and scrupulousness, and they should feel that they have the chance to have any kind of effect. An incredible method to do this is to make an extraordinary subject for your article that you have looked into and make incredible topics.</p><p></p><p>Knowing the approaches to compose leave test expositions will assist you with focusing on the best leave test paper points. By taking a gander at test subjects, you can see where you are feeble and what to compose. Regardless of whether you never figure you would compose a paper, give it a shot in any case. All things considered, this is a test, and you will be reviewed dependent on your capacity to assist understudies with improving their abilities in a particular area.</p>

Research Paper Examples - Using APA Citations For Your Research Papers

<h1>Research Paper Examples - Using APA Citations For Your Research Papers</h1><p>There are many research paper models and APA references in which you can discover on the web. This is exceptionally useful to kick you off with regards to composing your examination paper. Nonetheless, there are additionally some significant viewpoints that you have to think about with regards to reference of APA articles. The following are a few hints for you to mull over with regards to your exploration paper examples.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to refering to the APA, recollect that the principal thing that you have to do is look for the watchwords: 'APA.' The second thing that you have to do is type the word 'APA' to raise the list items. Now, the list items are produced by the database of the American Psychological Association. It ought to be noticed that a few people may allude to it as the American Psychological Association Professional Page. On the funda mental page, you will see the various sorts of diaries that they publish.</p><p></p><p>In your examination paper models, it is basic that you incorporate the initial segment of the name of the diary, regardless of whether you don't have the foggiest idea what it is called. This will help in explaining what the title of the article is. When you locate the right name of the diary in your examination paper models, you should simply include the word 'Exploration,' the period after the name of the diary, and the word 'Paper' after the word 'Example.'</p><p></p><p>Do not neglect to compose a reference index toward the finish of your exploration paper models. This is on the grounds that it is standard to incorporate a reference index when you are citing a notable creator or authority. On the off chance that you don't have any thought where to put a list of sources, the following best thing is to reference your references at the base of the pa ge where you have recorded the particular article that you are citing.</p><p></p><p>It is additionally fundamental that you follow the rules for refering to crafted by a writer in the particular subject. There are really a few standards that have been set up on the best way to refer to the source on the point. On the off chance that you don't hold fast to these rules, it will help in the altering procedure and you may go over different spelling and linguistic blunders that will render your composing useless.</p><p></p><p>It is additionally basic that you look into and comprehend the particular rule that is set out in your exploration paper models. A great deal of this examination and comprehension are finished by basically perusing the model that you are refering to. In the event that you find that the creator is a well known one in your field, at that point you can likewise counsel his/her memoir. Notwithstanding, in the event that th e creator isn't yet renowned, at that point you can counsel the Wikipedia site to look into the subtleties of the author.</p><p></p><p>Last yet not the least, ensure that you incorporate your own name and contact data just as your name and contact data in your examination paper models. It is significant that you include these subtleties too in light of the fact that it will help in building a strong relationship with your peruser. Moreover, it is significant that you incorporate your own aptitude since it will assist you with picking up the regard of your perusers when you do incorporate your expertise.</p><p></p><p>These are only a portion of the tips that you have to think about with regards to APA references. With regards to references, it is significant that you comprehend the guidelines that have been gone ahead by the American Psychological Association. In that capacity, you ought to consider these tips with regards to your exami nation paper examples.</p>

Unanswered Issues With Campare and Contrast Essay Samples Uncovered

<h1> Unanswered Issues With Campare and Contrast Essay Samples Uncovered </h1> <p>Therefore, for something so short, it may be ignored as not being as basic as different components of the paper. Another useful thought is to ask a family member or a pal to peruse the paper and see whether they can detect a few slip-ups. After you have perused our accommodating on-line article, we'd prefer to give something you were unable to try and envision. There should be up to three supporting focuses in each and every body paragraphs.</p> <p>Prior to beginning any paper, you should get a comprehension of the best approach to compose it. Moreover, his striking word usage and justifiable overstatement prompted the white crowd to comprehend the mistake in their waysor in any event think about his point of view. The methodology relies on the pith of your subject Significance not exclusively should you to explain the hugeness of the main theme, yet furthermore notice the significance of examinations or differences. Understudies can pick from a great many thoroughly analyze exposition themes yet the crucial angle to be considered is the chief utilization of the paper. </p> <p>You just need to arrange a superb article from specialists with the best scholastic degrees in various fields. Understudies will find some great focuses and thoughts basic for the advancement of a predominant school or school near exposition. They figure out how to investigate data around two unique subjects. They compose better papers when they have some genuine models before them. </p> <h2> The Basics of Campare and Contrast Essay Samples</h2> <p>This exposition utilizes the point-by-point structure. A total number of passages in the body segment is reliant on an assortment of perspectives or rules you have to examine. Coming up next are a few different ways of sorting out and structuring this sort of exposition. Understudies may ordinarily comprehend the structure with just a short amount of guidance. </p> <p>Throughout the span of your instruction and profession (on the off chance that you pick to be an author), you will get the opportunity to chip away at various composing assignments and, clearly, papers are inescapable. Understudies should effectively complete the educational program of both instructive organizations to have the option to progress in numerous vocations. In the span of getting instruction, they need to manage various assignments and conquer different difficulties of various intricacy. </p> <p>There are furthermore a few exercises that you should consistently remember before you begin composing your paper. You may examine a sentiment of taste and the book of your preferred writer. When composing any type of scholarly paper, an individual should have the option to get acquainted with the basics of composing. To begin with, similarly as some other piece of scholarly composition , a near article should have a goal. </p> <p>What's more, by having an expert essayist make your work you can ensure it will be to an exceptionally enormous norm and the basic actuality that we offer totally free corrections essentially ensures that the work will be to the high caliber that you need. The digital book side contends they are progressively helpful, more straightforward to peruse in a wide range of lighting, and cut back on the amount of stuff you must convey when voyaging. The strategy for analyzing a few articles is essential bit of our everyday daily schedule. This short component of any exploration paper actuates a lot of issues. </p> <p>Therefore, without the ideal direction, young ladies and men end up decimating their productive lives. Regular classes expect understudies to go to class at a specific time and in a specific site. The two guardians need the most proper for their kids. </p> <p>The stunt here is to choose a point th at is quite certain and fascinating. You may likewise pick 1 point right now and start rehearsing. There are various components that must be thought of in the event that you might want to settle on a functional and fascinating exposition theme. </p> <p>You may utilize the proposed themes as motivation for your own, or you could basically choose to expound on one you appreciate the most. Before you start, it's basic to pick themes that you genuinely know well. You should look into your point to choose three cases. It's unnecessary to make reference to your subjects should be exact and on point.</p> <p>A solid paper will have an initial section that accompanies a proposition explanation and a finishing up passage. In the event that important, you can survey how to form an examination or difference exposition in the earlier post. On the off chance that you are pondering how to start an investigate article or essentially wish to realize how to keep in touch with one well, you initially need to grasp its goal. The point for a thoroughly analyze exposition will most likely be set by the subject or course an understudy is selected. </p> <p>Introduction with the profoundly successful snare and proposition proclamation remains the equivalent. Presently the theory explanation can be made, and the specific subtleties can develop to be the sections. This emphasis rides on the length and reach of the exposition. </p> <p>Some papers may simply talk about similitudes, while some may just talk about contrasts. In this manner, you will be in a situation to characterize the most huge realities. Or on the other hand it might be a presentation, at that point the similitudes between the 2 subjects, the contrasts between the two subjects, and an end. Attempt to recollect, equivalent to in different sorts of articles, intensive research is incredibly applicable here, as well. </p>

Radical Essay Topics - Using Facts to Make Your Essay Interesting

Radical Essay Topics - Using Facts to Make Your Essay InterestingHere are some simple tips for writing radical essay topics. Keep in mind that these guidelines are just a quick guide to help you find the best essay topic and remember that you need to consider many different things when coming up with a topic.The first thing you will want to do is to think about the topic itself. You don't have to be a genius, but the more you research and see what others have already done, the better idea you will have of what you are going to write. There are many options when it comes to writing a topic that will appeal to people and make them read your essay.Once you know what you are going to write, try to focus on the type of topic you are writing. For example, there are some radical essay topics that have a lot of social issues and even political topics, but there are also other types of topics that have a specific theme or are based on a specific event in history.The second thing you will want to do is to focus on your topic. This is a really important point to consider as it can make or break your essay. If you are going to get attention and the people that read your essay might like it, then you are going to have to write a topic that will bring the topic to life. You want to make sure that you have an original way of bringing the topic to life so that readers don't get bored.Finally, you want to think about the content of your essay topics. You may need to find a lot of the information from somewhere else if you are going to write something that will have good relevance to other people. Remember that if your essay topics focus on different topics than the mainstream students, then this can put you at a disadvantage.Radical essay topics are great for those who are looking for an original way to add something to their studies. However, if you are going to be writing the topic to just to make money, then you should consider other subjects that are much more relevant to s tudents.By focusing on what you will write, thinking about how you will write it, and looking at the kind of content that the most popular essay topics have, you will be able to come up with a good topic. Remember, if you do not think about what you are going to write, then it will just appear as if you have no idea of what you are going to write.

The Meditations of Rene Descartes Essay - 493 Words

The Meditations of Rene Descartes In 1916 Rene Descartes wrote What I wish to finish is . . . an absolutely new science enabling one to resolve all questions proposed on any order of continuos or discontinuous quantities. (p8 Methods Meditations). He made this ambitious statement at the young age of twenty-three. Renes ambition would take him far but it kept him from becoming the Aristotle of the modern age. The Meditations were an attempt to solve the many questions about life, existence, and God. At the time of their publishing many philosophers did not quit accept his writings. Today however the Meditations are widely read and reviewed throughout the world. In the First Meditation Rene begins by stating that he know†¦show more content†¦He would continue and urge us not to trust what we see because there is no way of being certain about anything. Methodological doubt was his basis on life claiming that everything is to be doubted. Rene Descartes first begins to come to some kind of belief by the Thi rd Meditation. Rene states . . . I am certain that I am a thinking being; but do I not therefore likewise know what is required to make me certain of something? (p113 Methods Meditations). He goes on to say that God could not possibly be deceitful, it would not be his divine nature. This is when things start to come together for Rene. After acknowledging that a divine God could not possibly be evil Rene goes even further to say that he (God) must exist. This equation sounds strange but to this point Rene never really considered if God even existed or if he was simply a part of his imagination. Renes motto, De omnibus dubitandumest (everything is to be doubted), lead him back to basic proofs. His theory of analytical geometry was the first major contribution to the field of science. This theory helped to offset some of his doubts and in many ways gave him the realization that some qualities in life can be proven. For Descartes rule of everything to be doubted was only part of his philosophical life. While taking this rule very serious he did not recommend it as a way of life. Descartes was only interested in the study of wisdom. He knew that the wisdom learned would be a sort ofShow MoreRelated The Meditations by Rene Descartes1003 Words   |  5 PagesIn Descartes’ Meditations, his goal to prove the existence of things could only be accomplished if he was logical, clear, and correct in his thoughts and writings. The most important issues he noted were the threat of being deceived and the potential of being incorrect in his judgments, both of which would lead him into error. Error exists as a problem that individuals encounter on a regular basis, and it also exists as a focal point in Descartes’ Meditations. Descartes defines error as â€Å"a privationRead MoreThe Meditations By Rene Descartes1384 Words   |  6 PagesRenà © Descartes main goal in the Meditations is to establish that one exists and that a perfect God exists. Howe ver, he first argues that the idea that everything perceived around one could be false because the senses are sometimes deceiving. In the first Meditation, Descartes introduces skepticism and brings forth a method of doubt in which he evaluates his beliefs, and questions whether they are true or false and why they should be doubted. He presents various hypothesis that prove there is reasonRead MoreDescartes First Meditations By Rene Descartes1352 Words   |  6 PagesIn Renà © Descartes’ First Meditations, he introduces three main sceptical arguments for the possibility of doubt: illusion, dreaming and error. Descartes’ purpose in his First Meditations is to define knowledge by placing doubt on the sceptical arguments capacity to provide truth. In this essay, I will focus on the argument from dreaming. There are many objections against the argument; therefore I will assess the soundness of the argument and whether it establishes universal doubt based on the plausibi lityRead More Renà © Descartes Meditations Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesRenà © Descartes Meditations Renà © Descartes’ argument that he does not know his piece of wax through his senses is rather straightforward. First, his sensory perceptions of the wax are its color, scent, sound, texture, temperature and the like. However, these purported properties of the wax are not constant; if the wax is brought close to a flame, its color, sound, texture and all the rest will change. Nevertheless, Descartes claims, no one would deny that the object now by the fire is the sameRead MoreRene Descartes Meditations on First Philosophy1234 Words   |  5 Pages In Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes does and experiment with wax to try to prove that things actually exist in this world. This essay is going to prove how we can tell that things actually exist and what can perceive the wax. Rene Descartes starts off with a description of the wax so he can prove to us the changes that will happen throughout his experiment. â€Å"Let us take, for instance, this piece of wax. It has been taken quite recently from theRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes Essay839 Words   |  4 PagesPrà ©ciso of Meditations on First Philosophy Through his series of books, Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes enlightens his philosophical ideas about knowledge in which we should discard all belief we aren’t absolute certain about and establishes what we know for sure. In the introduction he clarifying the main ideas of each of the 6 books and using to them build up to his belief. Starting with the First Meditations, he discusses about doubt. He believed that there are no real foundationsRead MoreThe Meditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes916 Words   |  4 Pages The Meditations on First Philosophy by Rene Descartes is a thorough analysis about doubt. Descartes describes his method of doubt to determine whether he can truly know something. One of his major arguments is the proof of the existence of God. In this paper, I will attempt to unravel the flaws in Descartes proof that God exists. In the meditations, Descartes evaluates whether or not everything we know is a reality or a dream. Descartes claims that we can only be sure that our beliefs are trueRead MoreMeditations On First Philosophy By Rene Descartes1062 Words   |  5 PagesIn Meditations on First Philosophy, Renà © Descartes philosophies made a substantial advancement in enabling us to understand the world around us by querying many of the Aristotelian doctrines that are still being discussed in philosophy today. He attempts to answer the question; can you fully trust your senses? Descartes uses methodological doubt, which is a process of being skeptical about truths of someone’s belief to revoke from his senses. In Meditation One: Concerning Those Things That Can BeRead MoreRene Descartes Meditations On First Philosophy1758 Words   |  8 PagesPerhaps the most startling conclusion reached by Renà © Descartes in Meditations on First Philosophy is his proposed disconnection between the Mind and Body. Striving to separate the spiritual from the corporeal to enable scientific examination of the earthly without interference from the divine, Descartes conceives that the two basic human substances, Mind and Body, are distinct and therefore able to exist separate of one another in his [in]famous claim of substance dualism. His conclusions rest uponRead MoreMeditation and Discourse on the Method by Rene Descartes831 Words   |  3 Pagesphilosophers attempt to satisfy them, such as Renà © Descartes. Descartes was a modern philosopher and rationalist, or an advocate of â€Å"the view that through unaided reason we can come to know what the world is like† (792). Descartes attempts to seal conclusions on such questions by using his mathematical knowledge and relating them to philosophy. Traces of such views can be found in many famous works that include the Meditations and Discourse on the Method. Descartes was a firm believer in the view that knowledge

Australian Policy and Monetary Policy Effectiveness

Question: Discuss abot theAustralian Policy and Monetary Policy Effectiveness. Answer: Introduction This paper will focus on a particular country and then see how the Central bank policies are overall impacting the situation in the country. The country of choice for this paper is Australia and the Central bank of the country is known as Reserve Bank of Australia. The paper will evaluate the objective and roles of the Central Bank and then look into the various macroeconomic indicators of Australia. Then the paper will explore the recent comments by Treasurer Mr. Morrison on the effectiveness of the monetary policy and finally paper will provide some recommendation which the country can look up to in the current scenario. Role of Central Bank in the Economy In this paper the country I have chosen for my assessment is Australia. The central bank of the country is known as Reserve Bank of Australia. The main objective of the Reserve Bank of Australia is guided by the Banking Act which was passed in 1959 (Cao, 2015). The main objective of RBA is to control inflation and maintain proper currency flow in the economy of the country. The other objective which overall guides the main objective is to maintain financial stability in the country and maintain high level of employment for the residents of the country. The banking act passed in 1959 is the governing regulation for RBA. The regulations of the Banking Act impose certain methods which can be used by RBA to perform its objective. The Central theme of these methods is the monetary policy stance which RBA need to work on. The monetary policy stance which the bank takes helps in determining the cash rate in the economy and in turn controls the money supply in the country. The ultra-lose mon ey policy is indicative of the fact that RBA is having focus on increasing money supply, increasing purchasing power and also to provide necessary push to the growth in the economy. On the flip side, tight monetary policy is indicative of controlling the money supply, reducing the inflation and also to control the excess liquidity in the system. The central bank of the country, Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) is also responsible under the banking act to keep zero level of unemployment. This is a kind of ideal situation and in the practical world scenario the RBA is not able to meet that target. The primary role of RBA is to control inflation in the economy and maintain the financial stability of the country. RBA acts as the banker to the Government and all Governments banking need are taken care off by RBA. The tools available with the RBA are the monetary policy action and maintaining the currency flow in the country. As per the act the roles of RBA are broadly defined under three categories. These three broad categories are stability of the currency in the country; maintenance of employment in the country; and finally work for the economic prosperity of the residents (Manalo, 2015). Mr. Morrisons View on Effectiveness of Monetary Policy In this article, Treasurer Mr. Morrison highlights that in current situation how the central bank has reached a limit whereby it cannot reduce the interest rate further. He also argues that in the era of low interest rate, in some cases negative interest rate, monetary policy has lost its power to influence any major changes in the economy. He highlights that this is one of the major concerns which all major economies are facing in the current situation. The current cash rate in the economy is standing at 1.5%. However, Mr. Morrison also stated that his statement should not be taken up as a concern for RBAs independence but is only indicative of the fact that rates wont reduce any further in the coming times. The concern of the treasurer are pretty accurate, the ability of central banks all over the world to transmit policy actions to last mile in the population is questioned. Let us also take an example of India, where Central Bank has reduced benchmark rates by 1.5% in last 18 mont hs, but commercial banks have only been able to transmit some 0.60% to 0.75% to the consumers and corporates. This is happening across the world, take example of Europe which is facing constant period of deflation for last two years and even negative interest rates are not able to spur up demand. In a recent interview, the treasures Scott Morrison signaled that Reserve Bank of Australia now has limited capacity left to reduce interest rate any further (Robinson, 2015). He argued that in the world of such low interest rates, in some cases even negative interest rates, the monetary policy as a tool as lost its effectiveness. The ability of the monetary policy to create an impact and then influence matter in the economy is diminishing at a faster rate (Cao, 2015). He clarified in the same interview that he is not even questioning RBAs independence and his comments are not in that regard, but the current economic system has exhausted the effectiveness of the rate cut. Discussion on Effectiveness of the Monetary Policy Mr. Morrison in the article highlights how effectiveness of the monetary policy is diminishing across the world. I believe in the current situation this holds true. In a recent paper by IMF, the writer singles out Folk theorem and highlights how the increasing dependence on interest rate and quantitative easing to bring out a country of economic doldrums is nowadays yielding mixed results. The interest rate is increasing become highly ineffective, however quantitative easing is still yielding mixed results. The paper has done detailed study on different countries and the prevailing scenario in those economies. Some of the limitations which are now visible in developed economies are deflation and liquidity traps. Euro zone is a classic example of how the region is facing deflation and is not able to come out of it even after strong quantitative easing support and negative interest rate. Markets all over the world dont function as silos anymore (Manalo, 2015). The interlinking of trade , growth in globalisation has made all central banks to be dependent on one another. The central banks all over the world are dependent on each other and stance which they hold. Monetary policy tends to become ineffective if the discussion has no orientation and synchronization with what is happening in the world outside. Concern on the Long-Term Rating of the Country In current times Australia is also facing a concern related to long term rating of the country. Six months back global credit rating agency Standard Poors reduced the investing outlook of the country from stable to negative. The rating agency at that time has warned the Government that there is an urgent need to reduce the budgetary deficit which was rising at alarming rate. Currently SP has again warned the country that they might downgrade the rating of the country from AAA. This is cause of worry for the country as the rating downgrade will hurt the investment outlook and in turn will also impact the cost of borrowing. This will also increase the risk premia that foreign investors will demand from Australian investments. The increase in risk premia means the country wont be kept in same bracket of investment as it was used to be. It is only six months back when SP lowered the credit rating outlook of the country from stable to negative. This was the first such strong warning from the rating agency stating that AAA status was under visible threat. The rating agency warranted such action with rationale that country need to address is budgeted deficit. The key problem identified by SP is not the Federal debt, it is the record housing debt which the country is facing. This debt is significantly funded from the overseas market and as per rating agency this is one of the biggest risk that the country is facing (Manalo, 2015). At one end of the spectrum there is a requirement to push for growth so that savings can increase, however on the flip side the rate cutting capacity of RBA has diminished. Coupled with that even if RBA does a rate cut, effectiveness of the same is really doubtful in Australian economy. Major Economic Indicators Some of the major indicators for the current state of Australian economy are: As per the last available data on the GDP, the country has grown by 3.3% in The inflation in the economy has averaged at 1.3% The cash rate maintained by RBA stand at 1.5% The population of the country stood at 24.1 million and it is growing with an annual growth rate of 1.4% Unemployment rate in the economy stood at 5.6% and around 12 million people are currently employed in the system The services remain as the largest contributor to the Gross Domestic product with its share standing at 59%, followed by 9% in the construction sector, 7% in manufacturing, 6% in mining and 5% in retail trade If one looks at the debt levels of the country, they would be able to visualise the real risk matrix of the country. It is not the government debt which is the cause of worry, it is the debt which has been provided by foreign entities to housing sectors and the dominant commodity sectors. This is the biggest risk concern which has been raised by global rating agencies. The housing market is facing lot of trouble, the demands are muted; people are seeing foreclosures as the only option and new demand is not turning up to prepare for the cash flow of the previous demand. The global issues are hurting the country and hence monetary policy easing stance has been maintained for long. Some of the major global issues which have hurt the economy in recent times are Brexit and the outcome of the United States presidential election. Both the results have not been in favour of investor expectations and that is one of the major reasons why fund outflow has taken place from investment destinations like Australia (Cao, 2015). What are the Estimates of Growth for the Country? As per OECD estimates the growth is expected to be 3% in 2018. There wont be any strong inflationary pressure in the economy as even some fall in unemployment rates will only reduce inequality. The OECD expects monetary policy tightening to start from the end of 2017 and this is in line with the stance of majority of developed nation. The monetary policy tightening is a necessity as per OECD, as it will unwind the current tension due to low interest rate environment, establishing some control on the situation in the housing market. The Government of Australia is looking forward to a strong period of fiscal consolidation. Some of the structural reforms which the government should implement are improvement in the tax structure. What are the GlobalIssues which are Hurting the Economy? The global issues like Brexit and outcome of United States Presidential election has increased the overall volatility in the global financial markets. Markets dont like uncertain environment and both these events have increased the quotient of uncertainty in the system. On the Brexit issue, markets want to see how the exit happens and what the terms under which it will happen are. Some of the critical question which Brexit has raised are; whether the Euro survive as a region with single common currency post Brexit; will other countries follow the same suit as happened with Britain; what will be the economic impact of Brexit; how will be the overall trade impacted from Brexit. On the other side unexpected win of the Republican candidate Donald Trump in the recently concluded United States election has again increased overall uncertainty quotient in the system. Some of the concerns which market foresee are; Whether globalisation will reduce in Trump era; what will happen with trade rel ations and pact which exist with Japan and China; what will be stance of Trump for the outsourcing industry; will the developed economies like United States become more closed in the upcoming times. These global issues are few of the major issues which the Government and RBA are facing. The Government is not in a position to reduce fiscal deficit by curbing spending as private capex is not picking up and it is the public spending which has driven the growth in the recent times. Coupled with this problem, RBA is not in a situation to provide any further rate cut because of long period of ultra-lose monetary policy. This double whammy on the economy of Australia is one of the prime problems which the country is facing. Industries and the related lobbies have been asking for low cost of borrowing so that next part of private capex can start. However the duration of lose monetary policy has already stayed for long and the current environment needs some tightening or status quo maintenance. The credit rating agencies are asking the Government of Australia to tighten the fiscal spending so that the deficit can be lowered. There main concern rises from the kind of debt which the housing market is standing on. Coupled with that the situation in the commodity market is also not improving and the Government is also not able to clearly predict the kind of pricing the key commodities in the country will be seeing in the near term. This is generally not the case but the global factors are definitely having its say and are raising the concern with the country. Authorised Deposit Institutes and their Workings Authorised deposit institutes in Australia are corporations which are governed under Banking Act, 1959 of the country. They are authorised to take deposits from the customers and hence governed by the Act. These institutions include the banks, credit unions and building societies. They effectively manage liquidity, interest rate risk in similar manner as the banks and other money market related companies. However if they are not operating as banks the reporting standards are different and format of working is also significantly different. Recommendation Some of the recommendation which the country can look forward to is releasing bonds in different denomination to take care of dollar denominated debt in the housing market. Once the housing market sees signs of revival, then the next step is to start monetary tightening and also focus on reducing fiscal deficit. The reduction in fiscal deficit and improvement in housing market scenario, will pave ways to avoid any rating downgrade. Hopefully the global environment during this period would be stable and there wont be any additional risk. Conclusion Monetary policy as a tool for establishing control over the financial stability of the country has lost it means by some degree due to impact of globalisation, more demand oriented economies. This is the prime reason why countries like Australia, European region are seeing that current monetary policy measures or quantitative easing is not leading to desired results. As per the FORK theory developed by wall street journal IMF this is increasingly becoming a challenge and still quantitative easing is helping matters but cash rates are seeing reduced impact. Recently markets all over the world has turned volatile due to the impact of Brexit and also due to the outcome of the recently concluded United States Presidential election. The victory of Republican candidate has increased the volatility of the system. This is one of the reason why policy actions and budget repair actions taken by Australian government has not been so effective. The reduction in fiscal deficit and improvement in housing market scenario, will pave ways to avoid any rating downgrade. References Cao, L., Hosking, A., Kouparitsas, M., Mullaly, D., Rimmer, X., Shi, Q., Stark, W. and Wende, S., 2015. Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes.Treasury WP,1 Georgiadis, G. and Mehl, A., 2015. 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